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Sophora flavescens
This product is the dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait. of the Leguminosae family. It is dug up in spring and autumn, the root head and small branches are removed, washed, and dried, or sliced and dried while fresh.
This product is long cylindrical, often with branches at the bottom, 10-30cm long, 1-6.5cm in diameter. The surface is gray-brown or brown-yellow, with longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticel-like protrusions. The outer skin is thin, often cracked and curled, easy to peel off, and the peeling part is yellow and smooth. It is hard and not easy to break. The cross section is fibrous; the slice thickness is 3-6mm; the cross section is yellow-white, with radial texture and cracks, and some have heteromorphic vascular bundles in concentric rings or irregularly scattered. The smell is slight and the taste is extremely bitter.
(1) The powder of this product is light yellow. The cork cells are light brown, flat and rectangular in cross section, with slightly curved walls; the surface is polygonal, with irregular fine cracks on the surface of the flat wall, and intermittent pits on the vertical wall. Fibers and crystal fibers, mostly in bundles; fibers are slender, 11~27μm in diameter, thick wall, non-lignified; cells around fiber bundles contain calcium oxalate crystals, forming crystal fibers, and the walls of crystal-containing cells are unevenly thickened. Calcium oxalate crystals are bipyramidal, rhombic or polyhedral, with a diameter of about 237μm. Starch granules, single grains are round or oblong, 2~20μrn in diameter, with a crack-like umbilicus, and the large grain layer pattern is faintly visible; there are many complex grains, consisting of 2~12 sub-grains.
(2) Take a cross-section of this product and add a few drops of sodium hydroxide test solution. The cork will turn orange-red, gradually turn to blood red, and will not disappear after long-term storage. The wood does not show color reaction.
(3) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 0.3ml of concentrated ammonia test solution and 25ml of chloroform, leave overnight, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, and add 0.5ml of chloroform to the residue to dissolve it as the test solution. Take matrine reference substance and sophoridine reference substance separately, add ethanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.2 mg of each per 1 ml, as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (General Rule 0502), take 4R of each of the above two solutions and spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate prepared with 2% sodium hydroxide solution, use toluene-acetone-methanol (8:3:05) as the developing agent, develop, develop 8 cm, take out, dry, and then use toluene-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2:4:2:1) The upper layer solution placed below 10°C is used as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and spray with potassium iodide test solution and sodium nitrite ethanol test solution in turn. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same orange spot appears at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance.
(4) Take oxymatrine reference substance, add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.2 mg per 1 ml, as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography method (General Rule 0502), 4 μl of the test solution and the reference solution under [Identification] (3) are taken and spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate prepared with 2% sodium hydroxide solution. The lower layer solution of chloroform-methanol-concentrated ammonia test solution (5:0.6:0.3) placed below 10°C is used as the developing agent. After development, the plate is taken out, dried, and sprayed with potassium iodide test solution and sodium nitrite ethanol test solution in turn. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same orange spot appears at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference sample.
Water content shall not exceed 11.0% (General Rule 0832, second method).
Total ash content shall not exceed 8.0% (General Rule 2302).
Determined by cold leaching method under water-soluble extract determination method (General Rule 2201), shall not be less than 20.0%.
Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (General Rule 0512).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; acetonitrile-[0.01mol/L acetic acid solution (adjusted to pH 8.1 with concentrated ammonia test solution)] (3:2) is used as mobile phase A, 0.01mol/L acetic acid solution (adjusted to pH 8.1 with concentrated ammonia test solution) is used as mobile phase E, and gradient elution is performed according to the provisions in the following table; the detection wavelength is 225nm, and the number of theoretical plates calculated based on the oxymatrine peak should not be less than 4000.
Time (minutes) | Time (minutes) | Mobile phase B (%) |
0~20 | 10→30 | 90→70 |
20~40 | 30→40 | 70→60 |
40~50 | 40→60 | 60→40 |
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Raw Material Selection
Chinese Herbal Medicine Cultivation: We strictly select Chinese herbal medicine cultivation bases from authentic medicinal material production areas to ensure the high quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
Herbal Medicine Procurement: We procure high-quality Chinese herbs from around the world to ensure that the herbs are pure, natural, and pollution-free.
Quality Inspection
Raw Material Testing: All purchased Chinese herbs must undergo strict quality inspection before entering the warehouse, including sensory indicators such as appearance, smell, and color, as well as physical and chemical indicators such as component analysis, heavy metal detection, and pesticide residue testing.
Processing
Cleaning: Thoroughly clean the Chinese herbs using clean water sources to remove dirt, impurities, and microorganisms.
Cutting: Based on the characteristics of different Chinese herbs, we adopt appropriate cutting processes, including slicing, segmenting, and shredding, to ensure the efficacy of the herbs and ease of use.
Drying: Use traditional sun-drying and modern drying techniques to ensure that the moisture content of Chinese herbs meets national standards, maintaining the efficacy and storage life of the herbs.
Selection
Screening: Carefully select the Chinese herbs to remove impurities, fragments, and non-conforming items, ensuring the purity and high quality of the herbs.
Sorting: Sort the herbs according to their specifications and grades to ensure product consistency and standardization.
Packaging
Packaging Handling: In a clean packaging workshop, use modern packaging equipment to package the Chinese herbs, ensuring the sealing and hygiene of the packaging and extending the product's shelf life.
Label Identification: Each package is labeled with detailed information, including the name of the herb, specification, place of origin, production date, etc., ensuring the traceability of the product.
Quality Control
Process Monitoring: Strict quality monitoring is carried out at every stage of production to ensure that the products meet national standards and customer requirements.
Final Inspection: Every batch of products undergoes final quality inspection before leaving the factory, including appearance, composition, and microbial indicators, ensuring the safety and efficacy of the products.
Storage and Transportation
Storage: Store the products in warehouses that comply with GSP standards to ensure product quality and stability. Warehouse environment control includes temperature, humidity, and ventilation, ensuring that the herbs do not get damp or deteriorate.
Transportation: Use professional logistics transportation methods to ensure the safety and integrity of the products during transportation, delivering them to customers on time. We cooperate with multiple international logistics companies to ensure fast and efficient global delivery.
Raw Material Selection
Chinese Herbal Medicine Cultivation: We strictly select Chinese herbal medicine cultivation bases from authentic medicinal material production areas to ensure the high quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
Herbal Medicine Procurement: We procure high-quality Chinese herbs from around the world to ensure that the herbs are pure, natural, and pollution-free.
Quality Inspection
Raw Material Testing: All purchased Chinese herbs must undergo strict quality inspection before entering the warehouse, including sensory indicators such as appearance, smell, and color, as well as physical and chemical indicators such as component analysis, heavy metal detection, and pesticide residue testing.
Processing
Cleaning: Thoroughly clean the Chinese herbs using clean water sources to remove dirt, impurities, and microorganisms.
Cutting: Based on the characteristics of different Chinese herbs, we adopt appropriate cutting processes, including slicing, segmenting, and shredding, to ensure the efficacy of the herbs and ease of use.
Drying: Use traditional sun-drying and modern drying techniques to ensure that the moisture content of Chinese herbs meets national standards, maintaining the efficacy and storage life of the herbs.
Selection
Screening: Carefully select the Chinese herbs to remove impurities, fragments, and non-conforming items, ensuring the purity and high quality of the herbs.
Sorting: Sort the herbs according to their specifications and grades to ensure product consistency and standardization.
Packaging
Packaging Handling: In a clean packaging workshop, use modern packaging equipment to package the Chinese herbs, ensuring the sealing and hygiene of the packaging and extending the product's shelf life.
Label Identification: Each package is labeled with detailed information, including the name of the herb, specification, place of origin, production date, etc., ensuring the traceability of the product.
Quality Control
Process Monitoring: Strict quality monitoring is carried out at every stage of production to ensure that the products meet national standards and customer requirements.
Final Inspection: Every batch of products undergoes final quality inspection before leaving the factory, including appearance, composition, and microbial indicators, ensuring the safety and efficacy of the products.
Storage and Transportation
Storage: Store the products in warehouses that comply with GSP standards to ensure product quality and stability. Warehouse environment control includes temperature, humidity, and ventilation, ensuring that the herbs do not get damp or deteriorate.
Transportation: Use professional logistics transportation methods to ensure the safety and integrity of the products during transportation, delivering them to customers on time. We cooperate with multiple international logistics companies to ensure fast and efficient global delivery.
Processing
Cleaning: Thoroughly clean the Chinese herbs using clean water sources to remove dirt, impurities, and microorganisms.
Cutting: Based on the characteristics of different Chinese herbs, we adopt appropriate cutting processes, including slicing, segmenting, and shredding, to ensure the efficacy of the herbs and ease of use.
Drying: Use traditional sun-drying and modern drying techniques to ensure that the moisture content of Chinese herbs meets national standards, maintaining the efficacy and storage life of the herbs.
Selection
Screening: Carefully select the Chinese herbs to remove impurities, fragments, and non-conforming items, ensuring the purity and high quality of the herbs.
Sorting: Sort the herbs according to their specifications and grades to ensure product consistency and standardization.
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